Biology 235 Human Anatomy and Physiology

Study Guide

Chapter 5
The Integumentary System

Objectives

After completing this chapter, you should be able to

1. describe the anatomy and major functions of the skin.
2. explain the basis of different skin colours.
3. compare the anatomy, distribution and physiology of the epidermal derivatives listed below:
   1. hair
   2. sebaceous glands or oil glands
   3. sudoriferous glands or sweat glands
   4. ceruminous glands
   5. nails.
4. describe how the skin contributes to the regulation of body temperature, the storage of blood, protection, sensation, excretion and absorption, and synthesis of vitamin D.
5. outline the steps involved in epidermal wound healing and deep wound healing.

Keywords and Topics

Make certain that you can define, and use in context, each of the terms listed below, and that you understand the significance of each of the concepts.

1. Describe the anatomy and major functions of the skin.
   1. integumentary system
   2. skin or cutaneous membrane
   3. epidermis
   4. dermis
   5. subcutaneous (SQ) layer or hypodermis
   6. lamellated corpuscle or pacinian corpuscle
   7. epidermis
      1. keratinocyte
      2. keratin
      3. melanocyte
         1. melanin
      4. intraepidermal macrophages or Langerhans cell
      5. tactile epithelial cells or Merkel cell
         1. tactile disk or Merkel disk
      6. thin and thick skin—also read 5.3
      7. layers or strata
         1. stratum basale or stratum germinativum
            1. keratin intermediate filaments (tonofilaments)
         2. stratum spinosum
         3. stratum granulosum
            1. keratohyalin
            2. lamellar granules
         4. stratum lucidum
         5. stratum corneum
            1. callus
         6. keratinization
      8. psoriasis
   8. dermis
      1. papillary region
      2. dermal papilla (plural is papillae)
         1. capillary loops
      3. corpuscle of touch or Meissner corpuscle
      4. free nerve ending
      5. reticular region
         1. extensibility
         2. elasticity
   9. epidermal ridge
      1. fingerprints (footprints)
2. Explain the basis of different skin colours.
   1. structural basis of skin colour
      1. melanin (pheo- and eumelanin)
         1. nevus (mole)
      2. albinism and vitiligo
      3. carotene
      4. cyanotic, jaundice, erythema, pallor
3. Compare the anatomy, distribution and physiology of the epidermal derivatives listed below.
   1. hair
      1. functions of hair
      2. shaft
      3. root
         1. medulla, cortex, cuticle
      4. hair follicle
      5. bulb
      6. matrix
      7. arrector pili muscle
      8. hair root plexus
      9. hair growth; stages
         1. alopecia
      10. types of hairs
          1. lanugo
          2. terminal hairs
          3. vellus hairs
      11. hair colour
   2. sebaceous gland or oil gland
      1. sebum
      2. acne
   3. sudoriferous gland or sweat gland
      1. eccrine sweat gland
         1. thermoregulation
         2. thermoregulatory sweating
         3. insensible and sensible perspiration
         4. emotional sweating (cold sweat)
      2. apocrine sweat gland
   4. ceruminous gland
      1. cerumen
   5. nail
      1. nail body
      2. free edge
      3. hyponychium
      4. eponychium (cuticle)
      5. nail root
      6. lunula
      7. nail matrix
4. Describe how the skin contributes to the regulation of body temperature, the storage of blood, protection, sensation, excretion and absorption, and synthesis of vitamin D.
   1. functions of skin
      1. thermoregulation
      2. blood reservoir
      3. protection
      4. cutaneous sensations
      5. excretion and absorption
      6. synthesis of vitamin D
5. Outline the steps involved in epidermal wound healing and deep wound healing.
   1. skin wound healing
      1. epidermal wound healing
         1. contact inhibition
         2. epidermal growth factor
      2. deep wound healing
         1. inflammatory phase
         2. migratory phase
            1. granulation tissue
         3. proliferative phase
         4. maturation phase
      3. fibrosis—scar types
   2. disorders
      1. skin cancer
      2. burn
      3. pressure ulcers

Complete the “Chapter Review and Resource Summary” at the end of the chapter.

Use the “Practice Questions” and the various “Interactivity” tools found in each eText chapter in WileyPLUS. Working through these activities will test your understanding of the material presented and ensure your notes are complete.