Biology 235 Human Anatomy and Physiology

Study Guide

Chapter 11
The Muscular System

Objectives

After completing this chapter, you should be able to

1. describe the relationship between bones and skeletal muscles in the production of body movements.
2. describe how the prime mover, antagonist, synergist and fixator in a muscle group work together to produce movements.
3. understand the characteristics used in the naming of skeletal muscles.
4. list the names, locations and actions of principal skeletal muscles.
5. list the origins and insertions of several specific skeletal muscles.

Keywords and Topics

Make certain that you can define, and use in context, each of the terms listed below, and that you understand the significance of each of the concepts.

1. Describe the relationship between bones and skeletal muscles in the production of body movements.
   1. origin
   2. insertion
   3. belly (body)
   4. actions
   5. reverse muscle action
      1. lever system and leverage (fulcrum, effort, load/resistance)
      2. mechanical advantage
      3. mechanical disadvantage
      4. first-class levers
      5. second-class levers
      6. third-class levers
   6. fascicles (all types)
2. Describe how the prime mover, antagonist, synergist and fixator in a muscle group work together to produce movements.
   1. prime mover or agonist
   2. antagonist
   3. synergist
   4. fixator
   5. compartment
3. Understand the characteristics used in the naming of skeletal muscles.
   1. characteristics used to name muscles (Table 11.2; no examples required)
4. List the names, locations and actions of principal skeletal muscles (from Exhibits 11.A to 11.T, only the muscles listed in Objective 5 below ).

   Note: Figure 11.16 d has an error. In the third pane, which shows the posterior deep view, the radius and ulna are reversed.

5. List the origins and insertions of several specific skeletal muscles (only the muscles listed below marked with an asterisk).

   Note: For each of the following muscles, learn the name, location (e.g., anterior thigh) and action. For muscles marked with an asterisk, learn the origin and insertion, as well.

   1. occipitofrontalis: frontal belly and occipital belly
   2. orbicularis oris
   3. zygomaticus major
   4. buccinator
   5. orbicularis oculi
   6. *masseter
   7. *temporalis
   8. *sternocleidomastoid
   9. *rectus abdominis
   10. external oblique
   11. internal oblique
   12. transversus abdominis
   13. diaphragm
   14. external intercostal
   15. internal intercostal
   16. pectoralis minor
   17. *trapezius
   18. *levator scapulae
   19. rhomboid major
   20. *pectoralis major
   21. latissimus dorsi
   22. *deltoid
   23. subscapularis
   24. *supraspinatus
   25. infraspinatus
   26. teres major
   27. teres minor
   28. *biceps brachii
   29. brachialis
   30. brachioradialis
   31. *triceps brachii
   32. pronator teres
   33. supinator
   34. *flexor carpi radialis
   35. palmaris longus
   36. *flexor carpi ulnaris
   37. *flexor digitorum superficialis
   38. extensor carpi radialis longus
   39. *extensor digitorum
   40. *extensor carpi ulnaris
   41. iliocostalis group
   42. scalenes
   43. *iliopsoas or psoas major
   44. iliacus
   45. *gluteus maximus
   46. gluteus medius
   47. adductor longus
   48. adductor magnus
   49. quadriceps femoris (commonly called the “quads”)
       1. *rectus femoris
       2. vastus lateralis
       3. vastus medialis
       4. vastus intermedius
   50. sartorius
   51. hamstrings
       1. *biceps femoris
       2. semitendinosus
       3. semimembranosus
   52. *tibialis anterior
   53. *extensor digitorum longus
   54. fibularis (peroneus) longus
   55. *gastrocnemius
   56. soleus
   57. *flexor digitorum longus

Complete the “Chapter Review and Resource Summary” at the end of the chapter.

Use the “Practice Questions” and the various “Interactivity” tools found in each eText chapter in WileyPLUS. Working through these activities will test your understanding of the material presented and ensure your notes are complete.