Biology 235 Human Anatomy and Physiology

Study Guide

Chapter 27
Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid Base Homeostasis

Objectives

After completing this chapter, you should be able to

  1. compare the location of intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF), and describe the various fluid compartments of the body.
  2. describe the sources of water and solute loss and gain, and explain how each is regulated.
  3. explain how fluids move between compartments.
  4. compare the electrolyte composition of plasma, interstitial fluid and intracellular fluid.
  5. discuss the functions of sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, calcium and phosphate ions, and explain how their concentrations are regulated.
  6. compare the role of buffers, exhalation of carbon dioxide and kidney excretion of H+ in maintaining the pH of body fluids.
  7. describe the various types of acid base imbalances, their effects on the body and how they are treated.

Keywords and Topics

Make certain that you can define, and use in context, each of the terms listed below, and that you understand the significance of each of the concepts.

  1. Compare the location of intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF), and describe the various fluid compartments of the body.
    1. body fluids
    2. fluid compartments and fluid balance
      1. intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytosol
      2. extracellular fluid (ECF)
      3. interstitial fluid
      4. plasma
      5. fluid balance
      6. electrolytes
  2. Describe the sources of water and solute loss and gain, and explain how each is regulated.
    1. sources of body water gain and loss
    2. regulation of water gain
    3. regulation of water and solute loss—hormones
  3. Explain how fluids move between compartments.
    1. movement of water between fluid compartments
      1. water intoxication
  4. Compare the electrolyte composition of plasma, interstitial fluid and intracellular fluid.
    1. electrolytes in body fluids
  5. Discuss the functions of sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, calcium and phosphate ions, and explain how their concentrations are regulated.
    1. sodium
    2. potassium
    3. bicarbonate
    4. calcium
    5. phosphate
  6. Compare the role of buffers, exhalation of carbon dioxide and kidney excretion of H+ in maintaining the pH of body fluids.
    1. acid-base balance
      1. actions of buffer systems
      2. protein buffer system
      3. carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system
      4. phosphate buffer system
      5. exhalation of carbon dioxide
      6. kidney excretion of H+
  7. Describe the various types of acid-base imbalances, their effects on the body and how they are treated.
    1. acid-base imbalances
      1. acidosis or acidemia
      2. alkalosis or alkalemia
      3. compensation
      4. respiratory compensation
      5. renal compensation
      6. respiratory acidosis
      7. respiratory alkalosis
      8. metabolic acidosis
      9. metabolic alkalosis

Complete the “Chapter Review and Resource Summary” at the end of the chapter.

Use the “Practice Questions” and the various “Interactivity” tools found in each eText chapter in WileyPLUS. Working through these activities will test your understanding of the material presented and ensure your notes are complete.